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Neural Mechanisms of Cardiac Pain
Author Biography
Introduction
Anterolateral System
Somatic vs. Visceral Nociceptive Processing
Angina Pectoris
Sympathetic Sensory Innervation
Currently selected section: Referred Pain
Vagal Sensory Innervation
Other Ascending Pathways
Central Sensitization
Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex
Neurophysiology of Angina Pectorsis
Nausea and Vomiting

Dyspnea
Summary

 

Chapter 25:Neural Mechanisms of Cardiac Pain: Referred Pain
        

Referred Pain

Angina pectoris generally has three main clinical characteristics.

  • Nociceptive information from the heart is generally felt as pain referred to the overlying somatic structures (Ruch, 1961).

  • This pain is referred to proximal and axial body structures but generally not to distal limbs (Bonica, 1990).

  • The pain is generally deep and aching, and not a superficial or cutaneous pain (Lewis, 1942).

The remainder of this section will consider the experimental evidence that supports these three main characteristics.

 

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