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Clinical Research on Dyspnea
Author Bios
What is Dyspnea?
What Provokes Dyspnea?
The Nature of Dyspnea
Language of Dyspnea
Clinical Application
Research Application
Variability in Sensations
Challenges in Study
Mechanical Loads and Sense of Effort
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Neuro-Mechanical Dissociation
Phase of Respiration and Dyspnea
Physiology of Dyspnea
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Measuring Dyspnea
Scaling Issues
Qualitative Aspects
Reliability and Validity Overview
Reliability and Validity
Sensitivity and Specificity
Scales
Sensation vs. Perception vs. Symptom
Treating Dyspnea
Why Measure?
Cluster Analysis
Statistical vs. Clinical Significance
Standard Error of Measurement
Measuring Fatigue
Measuring Depression
Currently selected section: Measuring Anxiety and Hyperventilation
Measuring Quality of Life
Conclusion

 

Chapter 23: Dyspnea: Conclusion
        

Dyspnea is a common, complex symptom that encompasses many qualitatively distinct sensations and is the consequence of a range of often interacting physiological derangements. Our ability to study this symptom and to design new interventions targeted to alleviate the discomfort and improve the quality of patients' lives is dependent on a thorough understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underlie the sensations of breathing discomfort, the language used by patients to describe their sensations, the associated symptoms that may confound our interpretation of these sensations, and the availability of research tools to design and analyze appropriate investigations. With this knowledge, we may all be able to breathe a little easier in the years to come.

 

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