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Clinical Trials in TMD Sections
Author Bio
Introduction
The Biopsychosocial Model
Designing Multicenter RCTs
Players in an RCT
Currently selected section: Randomization
Trial Design Quality
TMD Case Definition
Endpoints and Outcome Measures
Blinding & Masking
Study Sample Size
Number and Nature of Interventions
Study Length and Follow up
Intent-to-treat Analyses and Sample Size
Compliance
Multicenter RCTs
Implementing RCTs: Practical Issues
Analysis of TMD Trials
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Appendix A
Appendix B

 

Chapter 22: Clinical Trials in Temporomandibular: Randomization
          

Timing Of Randomization

The timing of randomization can have implications for baseline and outcome measures, especially when more subtle issues emerge when adhering to the rigorous design of an RCT that evaluates a clinical intervention for a condition such as TMD.

If pain or some other symptom state is the critical outcome measure, it is obviously necessary to insure that patients in the experimental and control groups do have pain when the study begins--that is, at baseline.

The case history in the example below illustrates some possibly dire consequences of poor timing of randomization.

Problem 5.2

When attempting to design a clinical study to examine the efficacy of an anti-depressant medication for TMD pain, eager study recruiters screened patients for levels of pain and depression and then sent baseline measures home with patients, to be returned by mail, without rigorously attempting to evaluate both the patient's true willingness to participate in the study and the likely level of patient cooperation. The results of these recruiting activities looked, at first glance, like recruitment was going well and subject enrollment would not be a problem. However, an unavoidable interval of about three weeks was necessary before all baseline measures could be gathered and when patients were finally randomized to experimental and control groups.

Question 5.2.1

What are some possible dire consequences for this case history?

Selection AUnknown to the investigators, TMD pain could be at appreciably higher or lower levels, or even have remitted in the interval between initial study enrollment and onset of treatment.
Selection BBecause randomization occurred before baseline measures were returned and, obviously, before the first clinic session, the long interval could result in many already randomized patients losing interest or dropping from the study.
Selection CConsequence 1 is more serious than Consequence 2.
Selection DConsequence 2 is more serious than Consequence 1.

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