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Human Experimental Pain Models
Author Bios
Learning Objectives
Clinical Significance and Phenomenology
Complex Diseases: Need to Simplify
Model Requirements
Brief and Sustained Experimental Pain
Choice of the Pain Stimulus
A Model Design for Pain Experimentation
Experiential Adjustment
Choice of Stimulation Site
Stimulation Site for a Study of TMJD
Experimental Design
Model Validation: Level 1
Model Validation: Level 2
Model Validation: Level 3
Currently selected section: Model Validation: An Example
Cross-Validation with Other Model Systems
Model Systems as Tools
Sample Size Estimation
Potential Difficulties
Conclusion

 

Chapter 21: Human Experimental Pain Models: Model Validation: An Example
        

Consider a situation in which an investigator wants to explore the extent to which experimental pain approximates the pain reported by persistent pain patients who exhibit various types of pain involvement. The sensory and affective correlates of pain are assessed by means of the widely used and validated McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975). As presented above, a three-level validation process is adopted that consists of the following assessment steps:

 

Level 1: Assessment of the sensory and affective pain information contents of patients reporting persistent pain (>1 yr),
 
  1. Restricted to both sides of the face ("persistent - bilateral").


  • Present on both sides of the face in combination with reports of pain at body sites other than the face ("persistent - widespread")
  • Level 2:Assessment of the sensory and affective pain information contents of volunteer subjects exposed to experimental pain stimuli.
    1. Pain reported following the unilateral injection of hypertonic saline into the jaw muscle with pain lasting for no longer than 360 seconds ("initial pain - unilateral").

    2. Pain reported following the unilateral injection-infusion of hypertonic saline into the jaw muscle with pain lasting for 20 minutes ("tonic pain - unilateral)").


  • Pain reported following the bilateral injection-infusion of hypertonic saline into the jaw muscles with pain lasting for 20 minutes ("tonic pain - bilateral)").
  •  

    Figure 15.1: Subject in Bilateral Jaw Muscle Pain
    Photograph of subject in bilateral jaw muscle pain, described in text.
    Subject in tonic, bilateral jaw muscle pain that is induced by the injection-infusion of an algesic substance into muscle.


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