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Human Experimental Pain Models
Author Bios
Currently selected section: Learning Objectives
Clinical Significance and Phenomenology
Complex Diseases: Need to Simplify
Model Requirements
Brief and Sustained Experimental Pain
Choice of the Pain Stimulus
A Model Design for Pain Experimentation
Experiential Adjustment
Choice of Stimulation Site
Stimulation Site for a Study of TMJD
Experimental Design
Model Validation: Level 1
Model Validation: Level 2
Model Validation: Level 3
Model Validation: An Example
Cross-Validation with Other Model Systems
Model Systems as Tools
Sample Size Estimation
Potential Difficulties
Conclusion

 

Chapter 21: Human Experimental Pain Models: Learning Objectives
          

This chapter emphasizes the following key concepts:

  • Model systems are research tools that

    • approximate relevant features of the disease under study. Studying such features should advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms, or the processes responsible for the disease in the first place.
    • permit the investigator to reduce the complexity of the biological system under study.
    • can resolve the temporal sequence of events in the development of poorly understood signs and symptoms.
    • need to be optimized in terms of experimental convenience and matters of safety to study participants.
    • require validation relative to the disease under study. This includes a valid description of the clinical phenomenon in question using measures that are employed in both clinical and experimental conditions.

  • The pain stimulus employed in a human experimental model system should
  • be applied to subjects who demographically match those vulnerable to the disease under study. The use of controls provides insight into factors that contribute to the disease in question.
  • be applied to the particular anatomical domain and tissue affected by the disease under study because local anatomical conditions can affect response.
  • cause minimal tissue damage.
  • predictably induce a state of pain that is relevant for the disease under study.
  • cause a pain experience that is similar to the clinical condition in terms of localization, sensation, and affect.
  • be administered in a way that is appropriate to the research question posed by the investigator.
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