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Secondary Analysis of Large Survey Database
Author Bio
Why Conduct Secondary Anaylsis
Advantages of Survey Data
Avoiding the Pitfalls
Start with the Research Question
Determine Variables of Interest
Identify and Evaluate the Data Source
Get the Data
Survey Design
Sampling Frame
Telephone Surveys
Followback Surveys
Multistage Cluster Samples
What is a Panel Design
Mode of Survey Administration
Currently Selected Section: Survey Instruments
CodeBooks
Online Exploratory Analysis
Potential Sources of Error
Cultural Nonequivalence
Analysis of Survey Data
Cluster and Stratified Samples
Using Sample Weights
Missing Data
Power Calculations
Linking Data Sources
Multiple Comparisons
Getting Help
Giving Feedback
Conclusion


Chapter 20: Secondary Analysis of Large Survey Database: Survey Instruments
        

Instruments for MEPS and MCBS, as well as for other major federal surveys, are available on the Web. The baseline questionnaire contains the information assessed on the first round. Core questionnaires contain data elements assessed at each round. Supplemental questionnaires provide more detailed information on specific areas of interest, such as access to care, health and functional status, or care giving. Supplements may be administered periodically or on a one-time basis. Click here for the data collection schedule for MEPS supplements.

In addition to core and supplemental instruments completed by a family respondent for his or herself and other household members, MEPS also includes self-administered questionnaires to obtain person level information about health behaviors, beliefs, and experiences with care that are difficult or impossible to collect from a proxy respondent. The MCBS uses a separate set of "facility" questionnaires for institutional residents, completed by facility staff as proxies. The schedule for survey administration and instruments used in each round can be obtained on line for both MEPS and MCBS (click here to download the Adobe Acrobat pdf reader).

It is important to note that the wording of a question can influence response. The investigator must review the survey instruments and be aware of the exact phrasing of items of interest to assess how the wording might influence results. A good example of how wording can make a difference in responses is in the assessment of limitations of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) and of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). For example, a person can be asked if they "have difficulty" performing a specific task such as bathing, whether they "need help bathing", or whether they "receive help bathing". Each of these items would result in a different estimate of the proportion of respondents reporting IADL or ADL limitations. MEPS and MCBS use different items to assess IADL and ADL limitations and ascertain different information about these limitations when present.

The MCBS asks survey participants whether they have any difficulty performing the activity because of a health or medical problem, and then follows up by asking if they receive help. Six activities are assessed separately: bathing or showering, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, walking, and using the toilet. If an Activity of Daily Living (ADL) limitation is reported, then additional information is collected including whether aids or special equipment are used for help, whether someone stays nearby in case help is needed, how long the limitation has been present, and whether the respondent anticipates the limitation to be present in three months. If someone helps or another person stays nearby in case help is needed, then the respondent identifies the person providing this help. Click here to see the ADL portion of the MCBS questionnaire (click here to download the Adobe Acrobat pdf reader).

The MEPS uses a single item is used to screen for the presence of ADL limitations: "Does anyone in the family receive help or supervision with personal care such as bathing, dressing, or getting around the house?" If the answer is affirmative, the household member with these limitations is identified, and another item asks whether the limitation is due to an impairment or physical or mental health problem. An additional item assesses the use of aids or special equipment to perform personal care activities. Click here to see the ADL portion of the MEPS questionnaire (click here to download the Adobe Acrobat pdf reader).

 



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