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Epidemiological Methods in Studies of Symptoms in Advanced Disease
Author Bios
Why Study Advanced Disease?
Why Epidemiology?
Incidence and Prevalence
Using Incidence and Prevalence
Currently selected selection: Definition of a Case
Defining Time, Place, Person
Types of Study Design
Cross-Sectional Studies
Longitudinal Studies
Measurement
Bias
Selection Bias
Measurement Bias
Presenting and Interpreting Results
Practical Example
Calculating Prevalence
Conclusion


Chapter 19: Epidemiological Methods in Studies of Symptoms in Advanced Disease: Defining of a Case
         


Problem 5.1

As in the hypothetical study of breathlessness in Problem 3.1, consider five patients followed for 6 days before and after admission in a palliative care program. This time, however, you are given the severity of breathlessness in terms of a Likert scale from 1 (mild breathlessness) to 4 (overwhelming breathlessness). For this exercise a "case" of severe breathlessness is defined as a score of 3 or 4.

Figure 5.1: Cases of Breathlessness
Graphic depiction of cases of breathlessness

Question 5.1

What is the incidence of severe breathlessness in the first two days (days0-2)?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

Question 5.2

What is the point prevalence of severe breathless at the beginning of day two?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

Question 5.3

What is the period prevalence of severe breathless in the first two days (days 0-2)?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

Question 5.4

What is the incidence of severe breathlessness between days three and five?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

Question 5.5

What is the period prevalence of severe breathlessness between days three and five?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

Question 5.6

What is the point prevalence of severe breathlessness at the beginning of day six?
Selection A20%
Selection B40%
Selection C60%
Selection D80%

 

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